Morphological Awareness, Transference Level to English L2/FL Reading Skills | Phonological Awareness, Transference Level to English L2/FL Reading Skills | Orthographic Knowledge, Transference Level to English L2/FL Reading Skills |
|
Unidirectional from shallow orthographies to English L2, but not vice versa. Bidirectional between deep orthographies (including English). | There is a consensus that phonological awareness transfers to English L2 regardless of orthographic depth. | Transfer is only from alphabetic languages with similar orthographic features to English. | From Alphabetic Languages |
Transfer of morphological awareness regarding compounding possible. | There is no consensus that phonological awareness transfers to English L2. Mixed findings. | There is no consensus that orthographic knowledge transfers to English L2. Mixed findings. | From Logographic Languages |