| variable | explanation | mean | sd | min | max | N |
| imup | =1 if upward mobility; =0 otherwise | 0.295 | 0.456 | 0 | 1 | 1766 |
| imdown | =1 if downward mobility; =0 otherwise | 0.300 | 0.458 | 0 | 1 | 1766 |
| openness | trade dependency | 0.249 | 0.322 | 0.0370 | 1.584 | 1766 |
| hhsize | household size | 4.576 | 1.378 | 2 | 12 | 1766 |
| edu_f | father’s education level | 1.739 | 1.546 | 0 | 9 | 1766 |
| age | child’s age | 28.72 | 8.067 | 16 | 65 | 1766 |
| age2 | square of child’s age | 889.7 | 542.9 | 256 | 4225 | 1766 |
| age_f | father’s age | 57.93 | 9.367 | 28 | 89 | 1766 |
| age_f2 | square of father’s age | 3443 | 1136 | 784 | 7921 | 1766 |
| edu | education level in the region | 0.0030 | 0.0020 | 0.0010 | 0.0080 | 1766 |
| industry | share of primary industry in total GDP | 0.188 | 0.0980 | 0.00400 | 0.391 | 1766 |