Parameter

Value

Number of nodes

Fixed/Variables

Simulation area

300 m ´ 300 m

Initial energy per node

2 J

Transmission range

75 m

Coefficient of free space model

10 pJ/bit/m²

Coefficient of free space model

0.0013 pJ/bit/m⁴

50 nJ/bit

Data transmission rate

250 kbps

Maximum speed of MN (V_max)

2.5 m/s

Initial clock skew

5 ppm

Initial offset

8 ppm