L | tube length | [m] |
P | pressure | [Pa] |
Q0 | incident microwave power at the sample surface | [W] |
Q1 | incident microwave power per unit surface | [W・m−2] |
QLR | heat generation due to microwave | [W・m−3] |
R | tube radius | [m] |
T | T temperature | [K] |
cp | specificheat | [J・Kg−1・K−1] |
hc | convective heat transfer coefficient | [W・m−2・k−1] |
r | radialdirection | [m] |
t | time | [s] |
vm | averageaxialfluidvelocity | [m・s−1] |
vz | axialfluidvelocity | [m・s−1] |
z | axialdirection | [m] |
α | attenuationfactor | [cm−1] |
e' | dielectric constant | [−] |
e" | dielectric loss | [-] |
ρ | density | [kg・m−3] |
τrz | flux of z-momentum in the positive r direction- | [Pa] |