functional group | bibliographical characteristic absorption (cm−1) | experimental characteristic absorption (cm−1) |
stretching vibration of H2O | 3400 | 3430 |
asymmetric stretch of CO2 | 2350 | 2346 |
bending vibration of -OH− | 1620 | 1626 |
stretching vibration of COO & Ti-O-C (or Ti-OH) | 1385 & 1280 | 1391 |
stretching vibration of Ti-O & Ti-O-Ti | 846 & 640 | 478 |
stretching vibration of Ti-O & Ti-O-Ti in rutile structure | 695 & 525 | 671 & 521 |