CircRNA | Sponge or mechanism of action | Possible pathogenic role or mechanism | Tissue or body fluid | Potential biomarker | References |
ciRS-7/circCDR1as | miR-7 | β-Amyloid deposition, degradation, reduce UBE2A and inhibits NF-kB signaling pathway, reduction UCHL1, APP, BACE1 generating accumulation Aβ. | Brain | [16] [18] [49] [64] - [69] [71] [72] [73] [97] | |
circHOMER1 | miR-651 | Postsynaptic regulation, as a miR-651 sponge, clinical severity, and Braak neuropathologic staging, AD diagnosis, target PSEN1, and PSEN2. | Brain entorhinal cortex | Yes | [52] [53] [76] |
circCORO1C | miR-105 | Coexpressed with APP and Sinuclein Alpha, target APP, SNCA. | Brain | Yes | [52] [79] |
circHDAC9 | miR-142-5p | Alleviated Aβ42-induced HN cell neurotoxicity via miR-142-5p. | Serum | [75] | |
miR-138 | Increase Aβ production, target Sirt1. | Serum | [85] | ||
circ_0000950 | miR-103 | Enhance neuron apoptosis and promotes inflammatory response in AD through IL-2 and TNF-a. | Cellular AD model | [90] | |
circRTN4 | Inhibits neuronal sprouting reduce Aβ deposition through BACE1. | Brain | Yes | [52] [53] | |
circDOCK1 | Axonal outgrowth, spine morphogenesis, neuroinflammation, clinical severity, and Braak neuropathologic staging. | Brain, plasma | Yes | [52] [81] | |
circKIF1B | Axonal transport, vesicular traffic. | Brain, plasma | Yes | [81] | |
circAβ-a | Translates into a novel Aβ175-containing Aβ polypeptide. | Brain, culture cell | Yes | [81] [84] | |
circDLG1 | Axonal transport, vesicular traffic. | Brain, plasma | Yes | [81] | |
circLPAR1 | Modulate transcription/ mir-212-3p | Neuroinflammation, neuronal cell apoptosis/oxidative stress target PPAR1, ZNF217. | CSF, blood | Yes | [54] [87] |
circAXL | Modulate transcription | Neuroinflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis, Predict higher AD risk target AXL. | CSF | Yes | [54] |
circPCCA | mir-138-5p | Inhibits Tau phosphorylation, Predict lower AD risk. | CSF | Yes | [54] |