CircRNA

Sponge or mechanism of action

Possible pathogenic role or mechanism

Tissue or body fluid

Potential biomarker

References

ciRS-7/circCDR1as

miR-7

β-Amyloid deposition, degradation, reduce UBE2A and inhibits NF-kB signaling pathway, reduction UCHL1, APP, BACE1 generating accumulation Aβ.

Brain

[16] [18] [49] [64] - [69] [71] [72] [73] [97]

circHOMER1

miR-651

Postsynaptic regulation, as a miR-651 sponge, clinical severity, and Braak neuropathologic staging, AD diagnosis, target PSEN1, and PSEN2.

Brain entorhinal cortex

Yes

[52] [53] [76]

circCORO1C

miR-105

Coexpressed with APP and Sinuclein Alpha, target APP, SNCA.

Brain

Yes

[52] [79]

circHDAC9

miR-142-5p

Alleviated Aβ42-induced HN cell neurotoxicity via miR-142-5p.

Serum

[75]

miR-138

Increase Aβ production, target Sirt1.

Serum

[85]

circ_0000950

miR-103

Enhance neuron apoptosis and promotes inflammatory response in AD through IL-2 and TNF-a.

Cellular AD model

[90]

circRTN4

Inhibits neuronal sprouting reduce Aβ deposition through BACE1.

Brain

Yes

[52] [53]

circDOCK1

Axonal outgrowth, spine morphogenesis, neuroinflammation, clinical severity, and Braak neuropathologic staging.

Brain, plasma

Yes

[52] [81]

circKIF1B

Axonal transport, vesicular traffic.

Brain, plasma

Yes

[81]

circAβ-a

Translates into a novel Aβ175-containing Aβ polypeptide.

Brain, culture cell

Yes

[81] [84]

circDLG1

Axonal transport, vesicular traffic.

Brain, plasma

Yes

[81]

circLPAR1

Modulate transcription/ mir-212-3p

Neuroinflammation, neuronal cell apoptosis/oxidative stress target PPAR1, ZNF217.

CSF, blood

Yes

[54] [87]

circAXL

Modulate transcription

Neuroinflammation, and neuronal cell apoptosis, Predict higher AD risk target AXL.

CSF

Yes

[54]

circPCCA

mir-138-5p

Inhibits Tau phosphorylation, Predict lower AD risk.

CSF

Yes

[54]