Variable nature

Variable name

Variable description

Dependent variable

(Accounting)

ROA

Return on Assets

Std_ROA

The standard deviation of performance during a company’s research period

u_R

The extent to which actual performance deviates from normal performance

Independent

variable

(Market)

TobinQ

Corporate Market Value/Asset Replacement Cost

Std_TobinQ

the standard deviation of performance during a company’s research period

u_Q

The extent to which actual performance deviates from normal performance

Independent

variable

rel100/rel200/rel300

Number of key temples within 100/200/300 km of the registered company of the listed company

Dum (rel200)

When rel200 is greater than its mean value, it takes a value of 1, otherwise it is 0

Control

variable

lev

Liabilities/Assets

lnboard

The variable takes the logarithm of the board size

C_size

The variable takes the logarithm of the total assets

growth

Operating income growth rate

seperation

The degree of separation of powers

H10

Equity concentration, which is the sum of the squares of the shareholding ratio of the top 10 shareholders

SOE

Take 1 for the state-owned sample, otherwise take 0

IND

Industry

age

Company establishment time