Statistics in Study 1

No. of items

M (SD)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Cronbach’s α

GD-Pa

6

16.48 (7.56)

.77

−.44

.83

GD-S

8

22.89 (8.46)

1.34

2.49

.77

GIC

4

7.12 (4.22)

1.38

.72

.85

GD-Pb

6

16.28 (6.50)

.59

−.39

.75

GDR

2

7.65 (1.93)

−.76

−.08

.68

IGD

3

8.78 (3.55)

.58

−.32

.60

Total GD-P

12

16.48 (7.55)

.77

−.44

.84

Total GD (GD-Pa + GD-Pb + GD-S)

20

39.37 (14.00)

1.17

1.41

.85

Statistics in Study 2

GD-Pa

7

16.47 (6.42)

.46

−.69

.78

GD-S

8

17.50 (6.07)

1.10

1.12

.76

GIC

4

6.31 (3.32)

1.53

1.57

.84

GD-Pb

6

18.26 (6.90)

.48

−.42

.78

GDR

4

6.56 (2.80)

−.28

−1.22

.72

IGD

4

9.84 (3.82)

.31

−.69

.60

Total GD-P

13

34.7 (11.492)

.47

−.30

.84

Total GD (GD-P + GD-S)

21

52.23 (15.29)

.53

.20

.86