Mid-stage

Micro-stage

Data origin

Total energy [kJ/pass・km]

Renewable energy [kJ/pass・km]

CO₂ emissions [g/pass・km]

Mean

V_flow⁽¹⁾

W_flow⁽²⁾

Mean

V_flow⁽¹⁾

W_flow⁽²⁾

Mean

V_flow⁽¹⁾

W_flow⁽²⁾

Supply chain stages

Raw material production

Exploration

spec. use

1.1254

16.49%

0.48%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0778

16.47%

0.48%

Production

spec. use

9.8508

16.01%

4.18%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.4414

17.02%

2.75%

Raw material transportation

Imported oil

Pipeline pumping (PP1)

gen. use

0.0121

25.28%

0.01%

0.0000

-

0.00%

-

-

-

Storage (STO1 + STO2)

spec. use

0.0157

22.87%

0.01%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0009

24.88%

0.01%

Loading pumping (LP1)

gen. use

0.0227

12.11%

0.01%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0017

12.11%

0.01%

Maritime transportation (MT)

spec. use

1.1343

12.78%

0.47%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0825

12.78%

0.49%

Unloading pumping (UP1)

gen. use

0.0227

12.11%

0.01%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0017

12.11%

0.01%

Pipeline pumping (PP2)

spec. use

0.0284

19.84%

0.01%

0.0284

19.84%

10.59%

0.0000

0.00%

0.00%

Domestic oil

Pipeline pumping (PP3 + PP4)

spec. use

0.1047

19.84%

0.05%

0.1047

19.84%

39.09%

0.0000

0.00%

0.00%

Storage (STO3)

spec. use

0.0216

22.87%

0.01%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0012

24.88%

0.01%

Energy-source production

Refining

spec. use

18.3791

14.80%

7.71%

0.1334

9.76%

45.28%

1.2973

14.80%

7.92%

Energy-source distribution

Loading pumping (LP3)

spec. use

0.0105

15.81%

0.00%

0.0105

31.62%

3.78%

0.0000

0.00%

0.00%

Road transportation (RT2)

spec. use

0.1877

29.18%

0.09%

0.0000

-

0.00%

0.0131

29.18%

0.09%

Fueling pumping (FP2)

spec. use

0.0037

9.76%

0.00%

0.0037

9.76%

1.26%

0.0000

0.00%

0.00%

Supply chain total

30.919

15.29%

13.03%

0.281

14.77%

100.00%

1.918

15.40%

11.79%

End use

spec. use

217,6638

9.76%

86.97%

0.000

0.00%

0.00%

15.162

9.76%

88.21%

Life cycle total

248.583

10.45%

100.00%

0.281

14.77%

100.00%

17.081

10.40%

100.00%