Parameters

Approaches

Hybrid TLBO-PSO [Proposed]

TLBO

[1]

PSO

[8]

Congestion cost ($/h)

100.69

494.66

538.95

ΔP_G1

−16.3312

−8.5876

−8.6123

ΔP_G2

−4.0577

+12.9855

+10.4059

ΔP_G3

−2.0659

+0.4598

+3.0344

ΔP_G4

−7.2759

+0.7289

+0.0170

ΔP_G5

−2.5654

−0.0093

+0.8547

ΔP_G6

−2.6203

+0.3988

−0.0122

Total power rescheduled (MW)

34.9165

23.169

22.936