Range

Min

Max

Mean

σ

Skewness

Kurtosis

Statistic

σ_s

Statistic

σ_k

Overall self-efficacy

Pretest

5.38

3.25

8.63

6.9988

1.12785

−0.965

0.325

1.360

0.639

Posttest

3.25

5.75

9.00

8.0694

0.75144

−1.077

0.325

0.795

0.639

Student Engagement

Pretest

5.13

3.75

8.88

7.0394

1.11983

−0.714

0.325

0.488

0.639

Posttest

3.50

5.50

9.00

8.0347

0.78699

−1.098

0.325

1.084

0.639

Q1. How much can you do to get through the most difficult students?

Pretest

6

3

9

6.69

1.477

−0.305

0.325

0.074

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

7.78

1.093

−0.618

0.325

−0.181

0.639

Q2. How much can you do to help your students think critically?

Pretest

4

5

9

6.83

1.161

0.038

0.325

−0.774

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

8.09

1.014

−0.980

0.325

0.405

0.639

Q3. How much can you do to motivate students who show low interest in schoolwork?

Pretest

5

4

9

7.22

1.423

−0.409

0.325

−0.645

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.11

0.883

−0.565

0.325

−0.685

0.639

Q4. How much can you do to get students to believe they can do well in schoolwork?

Pretest

6

3

9

7.54

1.410

−0.958

0.325

0.736

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

8.37

0.831

−1.619

0.325

3.697

0.639

Q6. How much can you do to help your students value learning?

Pretest

5

4

9

7.15

1.265

−0.463

0.325

−0.247

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

8.20

0.979

−1.181

0.325

1.022

0.639

Q9. How much can you do to foster student creativity?

Pretest

7

2

9

7.26

1.532

−0.914

0.325

1.195

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.33

0.869

−1.076

0.325

0.186

0.639

Q10. How much can you do to improve the understanding of a student who is failing?

Pretest

7

2

9

6.72

1.433

−0.527

0.325

1.144

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

7.76

1.080

−0.801

0.325

0.445

0.639

Q14. How much can you assist families in helping their children do well in school?

Pretest

5

4

9

6.91

1.457

−0.213

0.325

−0.709

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

7.63

1.218

−0.672

0.325

−0.405

0.639

Instructional strategies

Pretest

6.00

2.75

8.75

6.9583

1.19477

−1.090

0.325

1.810

0.639

Posttest

3.00

6.00

9.00

8.1042

0.75772

−0.875

0.325

0.171

0.639

Q5. How well can you respond to difficult questions from your students?

Pretest

7

2

9

6.28

1.433

−0.592

0.325

0.155

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

7.63

1.218

−0.802

0.325

0.116

0.639

Q7. How much can you gauge student comprehension of what you have taught?

Pretest

6

3

9

6.98

1.296

−0.451

0.325

0.429

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.20

0.786

−0.624

0.325

−0.337

0.639

Q8. To what extent can you craft good questions for your students?

Pretest

8

1

9

6.78

1.562

−1.034

0.325

2.226

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.15

0.878

−0.647

0.325

−0.547

0.639

Q11. How much can you do to adjust your lessons to the proper level for individual students?

Pretest

5

4

9

7.11

1.298

−0.428

0.325

−0.436

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.09

1.014

−0.754

0.325

−0.642

0.639

Q12. How much can you use a variety of assessment strategies?

Pretest

7

2

9

7.28

1.433

−1.031

0.325

2.026

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.30

0.944

−1.196

0.325

0.427

0.639

Q13. To what extent can you provide an alternative explanation or example when students are confused?

Pretest

7

2

9

6.89

1.525

−0.899

0.325

1.156

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

8.15

0.940

−1.014

0.325

0.919

0.639

Q15. How well can you implement alternative strategies in your classroom?

Pretest

4

5

9

7.22

1.239

−0.256

0.325

−0.828

0.639

Posttest

4

5

9

8.07

1.147

−1.085

0.325

0.297

0.639

Q16. How well can you provide appropriate challenges for very capable students?

Pretest

7

2

9

7.13

1.441

−1.335

0.325

2.648

0.639

Posttest

3

6

9

8.24

0.823

−0.692

0.325

−0.535

0.639