doping level

Nb (cm−3)

Maximum power (mW∙cm−2) under moderate concentration (C = 50 Suns)

Maximum power (mW∙cm−2) under normal illumination (C = 1 Sun)

1013

1108.50

18.76

5 × 1013

958.45

16.02

1014

888.22

14.74

5 × 1014

712.83

11.54

1015

632.56

10.09

5 × 1015

438.69

6.69

1016

355.22

5.31

Variation rate (%)

67.95

71.70