doping level

Nb (cm−3)

Open-circuit voltage (mV) under moderate illumination (C = 50 Suns)

Open-circuit voltage (mV) under normal illumination (C = 1 Sun)

1013

995.74

900.63

5 × 1013

1012.56

917.09

1014

1019.40

923.72

5 × 1014

1034.22

937.86

1015

1040.02

943.27

5 × 1015

1051.73

953.77

1016

1055.89

957.32

Variation rate (%)

6.04

6.29