doping level Nb (cm−3)

Short-circuit current density

(mA∙cm−2) under moderate

concentration (C = 50 Suns)

Short-circuit current density (mA∙cm−2) under normal illumination (C = 1 Sun)

1013

1262.82

23.88

5 × 1013

1071.83

19.99

1014

985.89

18.24

5 × 1014

778.86

14.04

1015

686.83

12.20

5 × 1015

470.49

7.99

1016

379.36

6.32

Variation rate (%)

69.96

73.53