Property | GSHP | DSF |
Source of energy | Geothermal energy | Solar energy |
Areas for spending | Installation cost 90 - 150 USD/m2 1.7 USD/m2 summer operation costs 3 USD/m2 winter operation costs Other maintenance and cleaning costs are required | Standard installation: 700 - 950 USD/m2 Extra costs apply if adding other structures (e.g. Shading devices) [16] 35+ USD/m2 10 USD/m2 annual heating and cooling costs |
Energy efficiency | Max: 21% General:12% | 7% in Shanghai Tower |
Suitable climates | Deep soil areas, mild weather | Areas with ample sunshine |
Greenhouse gases | None | None |