Property

GSHP

DSF

Source of energy

Geothermal energy

Solar energy

Areas for spending

Installation cost 90 - 150 USD/m2

1.7 USD/m2 summer operation costs

3 USD/m2 winter operation costs

Other maintenance and cleaning costs are required

Standard installation: 700 - 950 USD/m2

Extra costs apply if adding other structures (e.g. Shading devices) [16]

35+ USD/m2 maintenance and cleaning costs

10 USD/m2 annual heating and cooling costs

Energy efficiency

Max: 21% General:12%

7% in Shanghai Tower

Suitable climates

Deep soil areas, mild weather

Areas with ample sunshine

Greenhouse gases

None

None