P₁ (Output power from the pumped storage power plant)

P₂ (Output power from the wind power plant)

P_L (Output power from the combined system)

λ (Incremental cost)

10 W

10 W

20 W

λ₁ = 0.882 $/Wh

89 W

10 W

99 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 1.53 $/Wh

120 W

29.53 W

149.53 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 1.784 $/Wh

140 W

42.153 W

182.153 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 1.948 $/Wh

160 W

54.77 W

214.77 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 2.112 $/Wh

180 W

67.38 W

247.38 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 2.276 $/Wh

200 W

80 W

280 W

λ₁ = λ₂ = 2.44 $/Wh

200 W

150 W

350 W

λ₂ = 3.35 $/Wh