| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Maternal age |
|
|
| 15 - 25 (young age) | 1 |
|
| 26 - 35 (median age) | 1.02 (0.73 - 1.44) | 0.901 |
| >35 (older age) | 0.51 (0.35 - 0.73) | 0.021 |
| Time of presentation in trimester |
|
|
| 1st and 2nd (early) | 1 |
|
| 3rd and delivery (late) | 1.54 (1.15 - 2.06) | 0.003 |
| Duration of ART |
|
|
| <1 year (short) | 1 |
|
| 1 - 5 years (medium) | 0.95 (0.70 - 1.31) | 0.770 |
| >5 years (long) | 2.14 (1.57 - 2.9) | <0.0001 |
| Time of HIV diagnosis |
|
|
| Before pregnancy | 1 |
|
| During pregnancy | 16.98 (2.29 - 125.9) | 0.006 |
| During labor | 1 |
|
| Parity |
|
|
| ≤2 | 1 |
|
| >2 | 0.7 (0.5 - 0.97) | 0.034 |
| Mother employment status |
|
|
| Unemployed | 1 |
|
| Employed | 1.49 (0.96 - 2.31) | 0.078 |