| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Maternal age |
|
|
| 15 - 25 (young age) | 1 |
|
| 26 - 35 (median age) | 1.02 (0.70 - 1.37) | 0.896 |
| >35 (older age) | 0.51 (0.35 - 0.73) | <0.0001 |
| Time of presentation in trimester |
|
|
| 1st and 2nd (early) | 1 |
|
| 3rd and delivery (late) | 1.38 (1.04 - 1.82) | 0.021 |
| Duration of ART |
|
|
| <1 year (short) | 1 |
|
| 1 - 5 years (medium) | 1.04 (0.77 - 1.41) | 0.798 |
| >5 years (long) | 1.94 (1.45 - 2.59) | <0.0001 |
| Time of HIV diagnosis |
|
|
| Before pregnancy | 1 |
|
| During pregnancy | 15.54 (2.12 - 113.9) | 0.007 |
| During labor | 1 |
|
| Place of residence |
|
|
| Rural | 1 |
|
| Urban | 0.96 (0.75 - 1.22) | 0.747 |
| Mothers educational level |
|
|
| Primary and secondary | 1 |
|
| Tertiary | 1.08 (0.82 - 1.41) | 0.580 |
| Mothers socio - economic class |
|
|
| Lower | 1 |
|
| Middle | 0.96 (0.72 - 1.3) | 0.805 |
| Upper | 1.09 (0.8 - 1.5) | 0.593 |
| Parity |
|
|
| ≤2 | 1 |
|
| >2 | 0.63 (0.49 - 0.801) | <0.0001 |
| Mother employment status |
|
|
| Unemployed | 1 |
|
| Employed | 1.64 (1.08 - 2.49) | 0.021 |
| Adherence during pregnancy |
|
|
| <95 | 1 |
|
| ≥95 | 0.2 (0.03 - 1.52) | 0.119 |
| CD4 cell count level (cells/μL) |
|
|
| <200 | 1 |
|
| 200 - 350 | 1 (0.71 - 1.43) | 0.972 |
| >350 | 0.82 (0.6 - 1.12) | 0.214 |
| Viral load (copies/mL) |
|
|
| <20 | 1 |
|
| 20 - 400 | 1 (0.73 - 1.38) | 0.970 |
| >400 | 1.07 (0.81 - 1.41) | 0.640 |