Modified Clavien Grade

Sub-Grade

Complication

Frequency (%)

Management

I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course with no need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions

-

Vesico-cutaneous fistula (Id)

4 (1.6)

Urethral catheterization + continuous bladder drainage

Retrograde ejaculation

2 (0.8)vb

Masterly inactivity

Transient urinary incontinence (Id)

2 (0.8)

Perineal physiotherapy

II

Complications requiring pharmacological treatment.

Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included

-

Intra-operative haemorrhage

23 (9.4)

Blood transfusion

Post-operative anaemia

9 (3.6)

Blood transfusion

Secondary haemorrhage

2 (0.8%)

Antibiotics, Bladder irrigation, Blood transfusion

Surgical site infection

24 (9.8)

Wound dressing; antibiotics

Urosepsis

4 (1.6)

Antibiotics

Epididymo-orchitis

3 (1.2)

Antibiotics

Osteitis pubis

1 (0.4)

Analgesics

III

Complications requiring surgical, endoscopic, or

radiological intervention

IIIa: Intervention not under general anaesthesia

Clot retention

3 (1.2)

Cystoscopic clot evacuation

Bladder neck stenosis

8 (3.2)

Bouginage

Urethral stricture (incomplete)

2 (0.8)

Bouginage

Partial wound dehiscence

2 (0.8)

Secondary suturing

IIIb: Intervention under general anaesthesia

-

-

-

IV

Life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit stay

IVa: Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)

-

-

-

IVb: Multi-organ dysfunction

-

-

-

V

Death of the patient

-

Perioperative mortality

1 (0.4)

Massive pulmonary embolism

Total

90 (36.4)