| Obesity-associated morbidities [16] [31] [38] | In all patients with obesity? |
By history and physical examinationa | Hypertension | Yes |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease | Yes | |
Asthma and reactive airway disease | Yes | |
Cardiovascular disease | Yes | |
Hypogonadism | Yes | |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | Yes | |
Osteoarthritis | Yes | |
Urinary stress incontinence | Yes | |
Depression | Yes | |
By blood tests | Type 2 diabetes mellitus/Prediabetes (FBG, HbA1c) | Yes |
Hyperlipidaemia (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides) | Yes | |
Fatty liver disease (liver function tests) | yes | |
Kidney disease (creatinine) | yes | |
Hypogonadism (Testosterone) | Optional | |
Other assessments | Fatty liver disease (Ultrasound abdomen) | Optional |
Obstructive sleep apnoea (Polysomnography) | Optional | |
Reactive airway disease (Spirometry) | Optional |