Parameters Measured

Reference Range

Control Mean ± SD

Diabetic subjects Mean ± SD

P-Value

Comment

(n = 50)

(n = 105)

Sodium (mmol/l)

135 - 145

143 ± 10

142 ± 8

P > 0.05

NS

Potassium (mmol/l)

3.0 - 5.0

3.9 ± 1.4

5.9 ± 1.9

P > 0.05

NS

Chloride (mmol/l)

95 - 110

108 ± 11

110 ± 15

P > 0.05

NS

Bicarbonate (mmol/l)

20 - 30

25 ± 5

17 ± 4

P < 0.05

S