| Criteria | Description |
1 | Positive diagnosis of influenza | virus antigen and nucleic acid, virus isolation |
2 | Clinical manifestations | Acute onset with sudden neurological symptoms, such as seizures, rapid cognitive impairment, mental changes, loss of consciousness, coma |
3 | Laboratory | CSF in most IAE cases has not detected virus; most cerebrospinal fluid cells and protein are normal, or with slight protein elevation |
4 | Brain imaging | Imaging supports encephalopathy change; diffuse slow wave in EEG |
5 | Best treatment practice | a) Antiviral treatment within 48 hours of onset: Oseltamivir, peramivir, Zanamivir, etc. b) High dose of gamma globulin and hormone shock therapy c) Reduced brain metabolism d) Plasma exchange therapy is recommended when DIC and/or MOF are present e) Intensive care, supportive care, etc. |