Species of earthworm

Pesticide

Biomarker

Effect

References

Aporrectodea caliginosa

Chlorpyrifos and azinophos-methyl

ChE

Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE)

[14]

Eisenia andrei

Carbaryl

ChE

Inhibition of ChE observed even at lowest dose

[68]

Aporrectodea caliginosa

Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon

ChE

In juvenile, ChE activity was inhibited when exposed to 12 (75% inhibition) and 60 (90%) mg/kg of Diazinon. ChE depression of 35% and 70% was observed w. r. t. control when exposed to 4 and 28 mg/kg, respectively

[69]

Eisenia fetida

Monocrotophos

AChE

AChE inhibition was observed Dose-dependent. AChE activity co-related with morphological damage

[70]

Eisenia andrei

Carbaryl

AChE

Dose-dependent AChE activity was observed

[71]

Drawida willsi

Butachlor, Malathion and Carbofuran

AChE

When exposed to butachlor, no variation of AChE activity; on malathion exposure, maximum AChE inhibition (41% and 46%) after 9d and after 12d (54% and 62.9%) of carbofuran exposure

[72]

Pheretima peguana

Chlorpyrifos

AChE

AChE acitivity is significantly inhibited (>60%) at two concentrations of pesticide

[73]

E. fetida andrei

Benzo (a) pyrene

AChE

Increase in AChE acitivity

[74]

Eisenia fetida

Carbofuran

TChE

Protein content and total cholinesterase activity increased in low level and vice-versa

[75]

Eisenia fetida

Atrazine and chlorotoluron

SOD

Chlorotoluron is less toxic to atrazine. Synergistic effect observed when combined.SOD activity is enhanced.

[76]

Eisenia fetida

Carbofuran

SOD

When pesticide concentration is increased, SOD is reduced and vice-versa

[75]

Eisenia fetida

Chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate

SOD, Cellulase and CAT

Inhibition of SOD and cellulase whereas CAT activity increased first and then decreased.

[77]

Eisenia fetida

Fomesafen

-

Oxidative stress and peroxidation not found even at low dose

[78]

Eisenia fetida

Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, clothianidin and thiacloprid Carbaryl

Cellulase

Inhibition of cellulose activity; damage epidermal and midgut cells

[79]

Eisenia fetida

Catalase LP and LPI Total GSH % GSSG

Depression of enzyme GST activity was observed

[68]

E. fetida andrei

Benzo (a) pyrene

Catalase GST LP and LPI Total GSH % GSSG

Increase in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities. ROS involved inpesticide exposure

[74]

Lumbricus rubellus

Pyrene

Catalase

When exposed to 160 and 640 mg/kg of pyrene, catalase activity was lowered.

[80]

Eisenia kinneari

Dimethoate

-

Profound changes in testis was found due to disturbance in cellular acitivty

[81] [82]