Study

N

% Female

Ethnicities

Age

Region

Outcome

r

SE

Media Type

Alloway et al. (2014)

410

75%

73.6% White, 9% African American, 6.7% Hispanic, 5.2% Asian

18 - 50

USA

EC

PT

0.03

0.05

0.05

0.05

FB Chat, Photo, Video, Link

Carrier et al. (2015)

1390

58%

46.3% Hispanic, 21.6% Caucasian, 14.7% Black, 12.9% Asian, 4.5% Other

Mage = 23.39; SD = 3.11

USA

EC

PT

−0.04

−0.06

0.03

0.03

General Use

Errasti et al. (2017)

503

45.9%

N/A

14 - 17

Spain

EC

PT

0.17

0.11

0.04

0.04

FB & Twitter Frequency

Powell & Roberts (2017)

100

50%

N/A

18 - 58

UK

EC

PT

0.28

0.29

0.10

0.10

Duration of Digital Interactions

Vossen & Valkenburg (2016)

942

50.4%

N/A

10 - 14

Netherlands

EC

PT

0.17

0.15

0.03

0.03

Social Media Frequency