The variable name

Variable definitions

LOAN

=(Closing Borrowing Balance − Opening Borrowing Balance)/ Opening Total Assets

COD

=(Interest expense + capitalized interest)/(total liabilities at the beginning of the year + total liabilities at the end +)/2

CONSV

=Non-operating/opening total assets

ROA

=Net profit/average assets

LEV

=Total liabilities/total assets

GROWTH

=(Current year’s operating income − previous year’s operating income)/operating income

INASSET

=The natural logarithm of the total asset

CG

=(Fixed assets + inventory)/total assets at the beginning of the period