Variables

Total

Sex

Residence

Male

Female

Urban

Rural

Subjective well-being variables (mean)

1) Positive well-being

11.1

11.2

11.0

11.3

10.9

2) Negative well-being I

7.0

6.6

7.1

6.8

7.1

3) Negative well-being II

0.22

0.19

0.23

0.22

0.21

Intergenerational relation variables

1) Main source of financial support from children

1 = yes

71.0

59.3

78.1

61.5

79.4

0 = no

29.0

54.4

21.9

38.5

20.6

2) Give money to children (mean)

393.8

585.5

276.9

601.4

203.4

3) Receive money from children (mean)

2374.2

2394.1

2362.1

2642.9

2132.8

4) Usually talk to children

1 = yes

61.3

48.5

69.3

60.1

62.5

0 = no

48.7

51.5

30.7

39.9

31.5

5) Share thoughts with children

1 = yes

73.2

60.4

81.2

71.8

74.4

0 = no

26.8

39.6

18.8

28.2

25.6

6) Taken care by children when sick

1 = yes

83.6

74.1

89.4

81.1

85.8

0 = no

16.4

25.9

10.6

18.9

14.2

7) Ask help from children

1 = yes

83.7

75.5

89.9

82.4

84.9

0 = no

16.3

24.5

11.1

17.6

15.1

Control variables

1) Currently married (%)

1 = yes

17.3

34.6

6.8

18.3

16.3

0 = no

82.7

65.4

93.2

81.7

83.7

2) Minority (%)

1 = yes

6.0

5.5

6.3

5.0

7.0

0 = no

94.0

94.5

93.7

95.0

93.0

3) Sex (%)

1 = Male

37.6

-

-

40.9

34.7

0 = Female

62.4

-

-

59.1

65.3

4) Urban (%)

1 = yes

47.1

51.3

44.6

-

-

0 = no

52.9

48.7

55.4

-

-

5) Age

94.8

92.8

96.0

95.0

94.5

6) Self-rated health

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.3

7) ADL (%) disabilities

1 = yes

41.4

33.8

54.0

45.5

37.8

0 = no

58.6

66.2

46.0

54.5

62.2

8) Household income of last year

25,342

27,988

23,772

31,821

19,855

9) Education

1.4

3.0

.49

1.9

1.1

10) If spouse died in past 3 years

1 = yes

12.1

12.9

11.6

11.8

12.6

0 = no

87.9

87.1

88.4

88.2

87.4

11) Living with others

1 = yes

80.3

80.9

80.0

80.8

79.0

0 = no

19.7

19.1

20.0

19.2

21.0