|
| MMSE | MoCA | |||||||||
| Normal cognition (n = 84, 73.04%) | Cognitive impairment (n = 31, 26.96%) |
| Normal cognition (n = 50, 43.48%) | Cognitive impairment (n = 65, 56.52%) |
| ||||||
| N | % | N | % | P-value | N | % | N | % | P-value | ||
| SEX | Male | .33 | 39.29 | 10 | 32.26 | 0.489 | 23 | 46 | 20 | 30.77 | 0.094 |
| Female | 51 | 60.71 | 21 | 67.74 | 27 | 54 | 45 | 69.23 | |||
| Marital | Married | 43 | 51.19 | 9 | 29.03 | 0.093 | 31 | 62 | 21 | 32.31 | 0.001* |
| Single | 8 | 9.52 | 4 | 12.9 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 10.77 | |||
| Widow | 31 | 36.9 | 18 | 58.06 | 12 | 24 | 37 | 56.92 | |||
| Divorced | 2 | 2.38 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Living arrangement | Alone | 4 | 4.76 | 0 | 0 | 0.277 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1.54 | 0.109 |
| With family | 75 | 89.29 | 29 | 93.55 | 46 | 92 | 58 | 89.23 | |||
| With care giver | 5 | 5.95 | 2 | 6.45 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9.23 | |||
| Education | Illiterate | 41 | 48.81 | 27 | 87.1 | 0.001 | 13 | 26 | 55 | 84.62 | <0.001* |
| Can read and write | 30 | 35.71 | 4 | 12.9 | 25 | 50 | 9 | 13.85 | |||
| 1 primary education | 3 | 3.57 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1.54 | |||
| 2 secondary education | 9 | 10.71 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |||
| High education | 1 | 1.19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Smoking | Smoker | 15 | 17.86 | 4 | 12.9 | 0.526 | 10 | 20 | 9 | 13.85 | 0.378 |
| Non smoker | 69 | 82.14 | 27 | 87.1 | 40 | 80 | 56 | 86.15 | |||
| Past medical history |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| HTN | 65 | 77.38 | 26 | 83.87 | 0.447 | 40 | 80 | 51 | 78.46 | 0.84 | |
| DM | 22 | 26.19 | 12 | 38.71 | 0.192 | 6 | 12 | 28 | 43.08 | <0.001* | |
| LCF | 4 | 4.76 | 1 | 3.23 | 0.712 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4.62 | 0.872 | |
| Chronic renal impairment | 4 | 4.76 | 2 | 6.45 | 0.723 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7.69 | 0.151 | |
| OA | 34 | 40.48 | 13 | 41.94 | 0.888 | 24 | 48 | 23 | 35.38 | 0.172 | |
| COPD | 4 | 4.76 | 2 | 6.45 | 0.723 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4.62 | 0.742 | |
| Cardiac diseases (heart failure—IHD) | 14 | 16.67 | 8 | 25.81 | 0.269 | 7 | 14 | 15 | 23.08 | 0.22 | |
| Stroke | 7 | 8.33 | 6 | 19.35 | 0.114 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 13.85 | 0.326 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| 23.940 | 2.341 | 19.484 | 1.313 | 0.000 | 26.100 | 1.093 | 22.559 | 1.580 | 0.000 | |
| Age | 66.512 | 5.327 | 70.000 | 4.733 | 0.002 | 64.860 | 4.056 | 68.941 | 6.060 | 0.001 | |
| ADL | 5.810 | 0.570 | 4.419 | 1.747 | 0.000 | 5.980 | 0.141 | 5.559 | 0.824 | 0.006 | |
| IADL | 7.524 | 0.950 | 5.581 | 1.840 | 0.000 | 7.900 | 0.364 | 6.971 | 1.243 | 0.000 | |
| GDS | 3.357 | 1.037 | 4.387 | 1.086 | 0.000 | 2.860 | 0.881 | 4.088 | 0.793 | 0.000 | |
| | 58.869 | 17.465 | 37.097 | 19.697 | 0.000 | 65.400 | 15.447 | 49.265 | 15.913 | 0.000 | |