| TENS Module | Description | |
| Parameters | Characteristics | |
| Traditional or conventional TENS | Emits short pulses (50 - 125 µs) at high frequency (90 - 130 Hz) and low intensity. | Stimulates the pain gate mechanism. Results in a rapid onset of analgesia but the effects do not remain relatively long post-treatment. |
| AL-TENS | Operates at low frequencies (2 - 5 Hz) and high intensity with a pulse width of approximately 200 µs. | Stimulates the opioid mechanism. Results in a slower onset of analgesia but the effects last longer compared to conventional TENS. AL-TENS also causes muscle contractions due to the stimulation of motor nerves. |
| Brief intense TENS | Emits a high frequency (100 - 150 Hz) current with a long pulse width (150 - 250 µs) using an amplitude near the patient tolerance threshold for a duration of 15 minutes or less. | Results in a very rapid onset of analgesia with relatively long lasting effects. Stimulation may feel uncomfortable due to the high intensity. |
| Burst mode TENS | Burst mode TENS combines both high and low frequencies by using a baseline low frequency current while delivering high frequency bursts of electrical pulses. | Activates both the pain gate and opioid mechanisms. Burst mode TENS still requires high intensity, but it is more comfortable in comparison to brief intense TENS. |
| Modulated mode TENS | Modulation mode TENS varies the frequency, intensity or pulse duration through a cyclic sequence starting from a baseline value to a pre-set value and back again. | The variation in stimulation pattern helps to reduce accommodation effects. |