Parameter

Value or Model

Bed diameter (m)

0.6

Particle volume fraction

40%

Drag coefficient model

Three different models

Granular viscosity (μs)

Gidaspow [28]

Granular bulk viscosity (ζs)

Lun [29]

Frictional viscosity (μf)

Schaeffer [30]

Radial distribution (g0)

Ma & Ahmadi [22]

Wall boundary condition

No-Slip

Restitution coefficient (ess)

0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 0.95