CES-D (%)

(n)

Mean (sd)2

Below 15

15 - 21

22 or above

Overall1

58.8

20.5

20.6

(2181)

15.37 (0.48)

Sex

Male

63.7

19.5

16.8

(512)

15.31 (0.46)

Female

57.3

20.9

21.8

(1669)

15.39 (0.49)

2 = 7.774, df = 2, p < 0.05)

Age

<30

60.9

20.3

18.8

(207)

15.36 (0.48)

31 - 41

53.2

20.4

26.4

(421)

15.44 (0.50)

41 - 50

58.7

20.6

20.7

(686)

15.36 (0.48)

51 - 64

61.6

20.8

17.6

(794)

15.33 (0.47)

2 = 14.003, df = 6, p < 0.05)

Educational attainment

Primary

54.8

21.9

23.3

(540)

15.40 (0.49)

Junior secondary

59.8

19.6

20.7

(808)

15.36 (0.48)

Senior secondary

57.0

19.9

23.1

(402)

15.39 (0.49)

Post secondary

59.3

23.7

17.0

(135)

15.36 (0.48)

2 = 5.839, df = 6, ns)

Marital status

Single

55.7

20.2

24.1

(253)

15.40 (0.49)

Married

61.5

20.5

18.0

(1487)

15.34 (0.47)

Others

42.9

17.2

39.9

(198)

15.55 (0.50)

2 = 52.661, df = 4, p < 0.001)

Working status

Employed

63.5

17.7

18.8

(1035)

15.33 (0.47)

Unemployed

43.7

23.6

32.7

(199)

15.53 (0.50)

Homemaker

55.6

23.8

20.6

(772)

15.39 (0.49)

Retired

56.0

22.7

21.3

(75)

15.39 (0.49)

2 = 37.539, df = 6, p < 0.001)

Place of recruitment

Urban

56.4

21.7

21.9

(1751)

15.39 (0.49)

Rural

68.8

15.8

15.3

(430)

15.27 (0.44)

2 = 22.199, df = 2, p < 0.001)