Heat processing

Glucose (g/l)

Furfuraldehydes (μg/ml)

Browning (A₄₂₀)

DPPH radical scavenging activity (nmol/ml)

None (KE0)

182.6 ± 15.9

13.99 ± 0.35

0.314 ± 0.016

0.464 ± 0.067

121˚C, 15 min (KE15)

156.3 ± 2.7

52.89 ± 0.56

0.890 ± 0.047

0.940 ± 0.180

121˚C, 30 min (KE30)

150.3 ± 3.5

94.24 ± 2.10

1.491 ± 0.005

1.148 ± 0.140