| No distraction group (n = 32) | Comic book group (n = 31) | VR group (n = 29) | Wald | p |
NRS-11 | 3.87 (2.21) | 2.90 (2.20) | 1.28 (1.22) | 35.234 | <0.001 |
CHEOPS | 6.03 (1.94) | 6.16 (1.46) | 5.10 (1.37) | 3.415 | 0.181 |