Reference

Beaker,

flat Petri dish

Non-thermal

(˚C)

Power

(W)

Exposure

time (s)

Stain observation

[16]

Flat Petri dish

Non-thermal

(26˚C ± 1˚C)

650

20 - 40

Outer membrane disruption

[18]

Beaker 50 ml, cooled in 500 ml crushed ice bath

Non-thermal

(20˚C - 29˚C)

Medium to low power

25*

Outer membrane disruption