Reference | Beaker, flat Petri dish | Non-thermal (˚C) | Power (W) | Exposure time (s) | Stain observation |
[16] | Flat Petri dish | Non-thermal (26˚C ± 1˚C) | 650 | 20 - 40 | Outer membrane disruption |
[18] | Beaker 50 ml, cooled in 500 ml crushed ice bath | Non-thermal (20˚C - 29˚C) | Medium to low power | 25* | Outer membrane disruption |