Variable

Mean (SD)

P1

Intervention group

Control group

Before

After

P

Dif

Before

After

P

Dif

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

165.5 (51)

148.2 (49)

<0.01

−17.3

161.7 (41.2)

167.5 (42.3)

0.3

+6.1

0.03

HbA1c (mg/dl)

7.7 (0.7)

7.2 (0.7)

<0.01

−0.5

7.7 (0.5)

7.8 (0.6)

0.09

+0.1

<0.01

Insulin levels (mg/dl)

9.9 (3)

9 (2.7)

<0.01

−0.9

10.5 (3.4)

10.2 (3.1)

0.2

−0.3

0.08

Insulin-resistance

4.1 (1.8)

3.6 (1.5)

<0.01

−0.5

4.9 (2.1)

5.1 (2)

0.2

+0.1

0.01

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132.3 (16.2)

125.5 (14.2)

<0.01

−6.8

129.8 (15)

128.7 (13)

0.3

−1.1

0.4

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

86 (7.7)

79 (14.1)

<0.01

−7.0

81.8 (6.5)

83.1 (6.8)

0.07

+1.3

0.2

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

178 (30.3)

159.4 (29)

<0.01

−18.6

179.3 (25.8)

180.7 (24.8)

0.08

+4.8

<0.01

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

41.6 (6.6)

40.3 (6.3)

0.1

−1.3

41.1 (7.2)

41.3 (6.9)

0.5

+0.2

0.4

LDL-cholesterol

104.7 (22)

90.8 (21.7)

<0.01

−13.9

102.8 (22.9)

103.9 (20.2)

0.6

+1.1

0.01

TG (mg/dl)

173.1 (63.1)

163.2 (49.9)

0.2

−9.9

161.6 (52.7)

164.1 (48.8)

0.8

+2.5

0.9