No.

Clinical sample

Medical

diagnosis

Gene

16s

Gene

18s

Microbiological culture

Sanger sequencing

Clinical manifestations

SOFA

1

Bloodstream

Endocarditis

+

-

Staphylococcus

aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Fever, acute heart failure, dyspnea.

10

2

Bloodstream

Acute liver failure

+

-

Staphylococcus

aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Abdominal pain, fever, septic shock, jaundice, transamineemia, coagulopathy.

9

3

CSF

Acute meningitis

+

-

Staphylococcus

aureus

Staphylococcus aureus

Headache, fever, seizures.

5

4

CSF

Acute meningitis

+

-

Negative

Pseudomonas putida

Headache, oral intolerance, fever, impaired state of consciousness.

3

5

Peritoneal

fluid

Peritonitis

+

-

Negative

Salmonella enterica

Septic shock, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever.

9

6

Bronchial

aspirate

Community-acquired

pneumonia

+

-

Candida spp.

Candida krusei

Septic shock,

pleural effusion, fever, ARDS.

8

7

CSF

Acute meningitis

+

-

Cryptococcus spp.

Pseudomonas putida

Headache, oral intolerance, fever, and impaired state of consciousness.

4

8

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Mixed

microbiota

Aspergillus fumigatus

Septic shock,

fever, pleural effusion, and ARDS.

1

9

Bronchial

aspirate

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Negative

Candida krusei

Pleural effusion, cough, dyspnea,

and fever.

0

10

Pleural

effusion

Post COVID

syndrome

-

+

E. Coli BLEE

Aspergillus

niger

Hemoptysis,

fever, dyspnea,

and cough.

0

11

Pleural

effusion

Post COVID

syndrome

-

+

Negative

Cryptococcus neoformans

Pleural effusion, fever, septic shock, and dyspnea.

0

12

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rhizopus

oryzae

Septic shock,

pleural effusion, dyspnea, and fever.

8

13

CSF

Acute meningitis

-

+

Negative

Aspergillus

flavus

Ataxia,

headache.

5

14

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Acinetobacter spp./SARM

Candida krusei

Septic shock,

pleural effusion, fever, ARDS.

9

15

Bloodstream

Pancytopenia

-

+

Negative

Candida krusei

Septic shock, fever, pancytopenia, coagulopathy.

3

16

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Candida krusei

Pleural effusion, cough, dyspnea, fever.

3

17

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

-

+

Negative

Cryptococcus neoformans

Pleural effusion, cough, fever, dyspnea.

0

18

CSF

Acute meningitis

-

+

Negative

Aspergillus

flavus

Headache, oral intolerance, and impaired state of consciousness.

6

19

Bronchial

aspirate

ARDS

-

+

Negative

Aspergillus

flavus

Septic shock,

pleural effusion, dyspnea.

4

20

Bronchial

aspirate

ARDS

-

+

Negative

Leptotrichia shahii,

Lichteimia spp.

Pleural effusion, fever, septic shock, and dyspnea.

3

21

Pleural

effusion

Community-acquired

pneumonia

+

+

Rhyzosporum

Aspergillus

flavus, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Septic shock,

cough, pleural effusion, fever

4

22

Biopsy

Adenomegaly

+

+

Negative

Talaromyces pinophilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Adenomegaly, dysphagia, intermittent fever.

0

23

Bloodstream

Septic arthritis

+

+

Staphylococcus

aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus

flavus

Septic shock, coagulopathy,

fever, seizures,

phlogosis.

13

24

Bloodstream

Urinary tract infection

+

+

Candida glabrata

Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus

flavus

Fever, dysuria, pyuria.

7

25

Biopsy

Adenomegaly

+

+

Mixed microbiota

Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, uncultured fungus sp. 5OPS3-3AITS1

Adenomegaly,

fever and

dysphagia.

0

26

Bloodstream

Endocarditis

+

+

Staphylococcus

aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus

flavus

Fever, acute heart failure, dyspnea.

5

27

Bronchial

aspirate

ARDS

+

+

Candida spp.

Delftia sp., Aspergillus

flavus

Septic shock, dyspnea, ARDS.

8

28

Bronchial

aspirate

ARDS

-

-

Candida spp.

Negative

Septic shock, dyspnea, pleural effusion, fever.

2

29

Bloodstream

Pancytopenia

-

-

Shigella spp.

Negative

Abdominal pain, fever, septic shock, jaundice, transamineemia, coagulopathy.

9

30

Bronchial

aspirate

ARDS

-

-

Negative

Negative

Septic shock,

pleural effusion, dyspnea, cough, fever

0