Control (n = 96)

GDT (n = 99)

P value

F test

(Equality of variance)

Crystalloids (mL)

3724 ± 1459

3454 ± 1575

NS*

NS

Crystalloids (mL/kg/h)

9.8 ± 4.3

9.2 ± 2.7

NS*

<0.0001

Colloids (mL)

669 ± 394

674 ± 537

NS*

0.0027

Total amount of fluid (mL)

4654 ± 1784

4254 ± 1965

NS*

NS

Total amount of fluid (mL/kg/h)

12.0 ± 4.7

11.2 ± 3.2

NS*

0.0001

Blood loss (mL)

548 ± 403

469 ± 386

NS*

NS

Urinary output (mL) (Log urinary output)

1112 ± 824

(829 ± 0.8)

1085 ± 1010

(710 ± 1.0)

NS**

NS

Urinary output (mL/kg/h) (Log urinary output (mL/kg/h)

2.6 ± 1.7

(2.2 ± 0.6)

2.6 ± 1.9

(2.0 ± 0.8)

NS**

NS

In-Out Balance (mL)

3090 ± 1314

2724 ± 1336

NS*

NS

In-Out Balance (mL/kg/h)

8.2 ± 4.0

7.4 ± 2.8

NS*

0.0006

Ephedrine (times)

4.4 ± 3.2

3.4 ± 2.5

0.0156*

0.0137

Phenylephrine (times)

2.5 ± 4.9

1.4 ± 3.3

0.0396*

0.0001