G(+) (n = 11)

G(−) (n = 12)

VATS

3

7

Lap-colectomy ESS

1

1

1

0

Lap-gynecological

0

1

Thyroidectomy

1

0

Tympanoplasty

0

1

Thymectomy

2

0

Laminectomy

1

1

Nephrectomy

1

0

Soft tissue tumor resection

1

1