Name | Drug/chemical | Action mechanism | References |
Lipid-lowering agents | Statins | Inhibits cholesterol synthesis hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors lowering LDL-C levels and in the prevention of CV events | [44] |
Bile acid sequestrants | Colesevelam, cholestyramine | Bind bile acids in the intestine, it can limit absorption of cholesterol and other lipids, and reduce the excess amount of cholesterol | [45] |
Nicotinic acid derivatives | Niacin | Niacin lowers the synthesis of VLDL-C in the liver, which lowers the generation of LDL-C. It reduces TGs and LDL-C by 15% - 20% and 30% - 40%, respectively, and raises HDL-C by 15% - 25%. |
|
Fibrates | Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate | Agonists of peroxisome-activated receptor, TG levels by up to 50%, increase HDL-C level | [48] |
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors | Statins, fibrates, niacin, and ezetimibe | Arbiter of cholesterol assimilation. bile corrosive sequestration, decrease triglyceride-rich lipoproteins | [50] [51] [52] |
Omega-3 fatty acid (PUFAs | Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid | Cause reductions in TGs of up to 45% in patients | [53] [54] [55] |
Natural anti-oxidants | Flavonoids, phenolic oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) and pterostilbene | Lipid peroxidation, decrease cellular damage and contribute cardioprotective activity, of serum LDL-cholesterol (5.6%) and TG (12.5%) | [56] - [61] |