29. Turki. et al.

2009 [79]

Malaysia

To identify patients with poor adherence toantihypertensive therapy and compare the levels of adherence with daily dose frequency of antihypertensive therapy

N = 518

Convenience sampling to select hypertensive patients from a clinic of a general hospital

42.6

Cross-sectional

51.3

Study found a significant relationship between daily dose frequency groups and adherence at level p < 0.001. It shows that that who have more daily dose frequency, will show higher level of adherence towards antihypertensive medications

30. Bhandari et al. 2015 [33]

Nepal

To explore the extent of adherence towards prescribed antihypertensive treatment and to elucidate the factors of MNA

N = 154

Participants were selected from all the diagnosed hypertensive patients of a selected community by simple random sampling method

Cross-sectional

43.5/54.2

Predictors of MNA by logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05): Illiteracy (OR = 5.34; 95% CI: 1.23 - 23), price of medicine (OR = 5.14; 95% CI: 1.1 - 23.9), missed medicine due to cost (OR = 0.143; 95% CI: 0.02 - 0.78), no family history of hypertension (OR = 4.46, 95% CI: 1.21 - 16.4), irregular follow up (OR = 6.39: 95% CI: 1.22 - 33.3) and more than one pills per day (OR = 5.33; 95% CI: 1.19 - 23.7).

31. Olowookere et al. 2015 [47]

Nigeria

To assess perceived family support and other factors that determine medication adherence among hypertensive patients

N = 420

Adult patients on

antihypertensive medications attending a medical outpatient clinic

51

Cross-sectional

39

Common reasons for MNA include belief of cure (43%), high cost of treatment (33%), and the experiencing of side effects (27%). Patients with good family support had better adherence compared to those with poor family support (p < 0.05). MNA was higher among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, those with higher pill burden, and those without family support (p < 0.05).