18. Rao et al.

2014 [77]

India

To assess adherence to antihypertensive therapy and to assess associated factors for adherence among hypertensive

patients

N = 220

Eligible hypertensive patient residing in an urban slum settlement

59.1

Cross-sectional

39.4/35.8

Factors contributed to treatment adherence significantly (p < 0.05): patient > 60 years of age (67.2%) (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 3.40 - 1.08), married people (84.7%) (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 8.43 - 1.37); nonsmokers (74.8%) (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 7.01 - 2.12), non-tobacco users (68.9%) (OR = 6.36; 95% CI: 14.63 - 2.93) and people consuming 1 tablet a day (67.7%) (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 4.11 - 1.26)

19. Nagarkar et al. 2013 [27]

India

To translate

and validate MMAS-8 and to determine association between patient characteristics and medicine adherence in hypertension

N = 174

Randomly selected hypertensive patients attending medicine outpatients of a district hospital

44.87

Cross-sectional

76.5/70.7

MNA was significantly associated with patients (p < 0.05): age less than 57 year (OR = 3.348; 95% CI: 1.665 - 6.732), living in nuclear family setup (OR = 2.670; 95% CI: 1.378 - 5.175) and not experience of symptoms of hypertension (OR = 0.414; 95% CI: 0.192 - 0.892)

20. Ahmad, S.

2013 [48]

India

To assess the level of adherence and associated factors to antihypertensive treatment

N = 334

Purposive sampling of hypertensive patients reporting to a urban health and training centre

41.6

Cross-sectional

42.8/53.95

Good adherence to treatment was present more among males (OR = 1.25) and in those patients who were either receiving one medicine per day (OR = 4.27), or taking medicine once a day (OR = 1.96). Poor adherence to anti-hypertensive treatment was seen in patients with the habit of alcohol consumption (OR = 0.52), tobacco chewing (OR = 0.73) and smoking (OR = 0.40)