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Designation

Failure Origin

Potential pathologies

1

sheet pile

Undersizing of the sheet pile or premature refusal

Downstream slope at the top or bottom Planar deformation

2

Structure

Undersizing of the structure (inertia)

Undersizing of the crossbeams

Undersizing of the crown beam

Excessive loading

Excessive deflection

Cracking and Failure

3

Soil

Instability of the Anchor Massif

Soil Heterogeneity

Significant displacement of the entirety

Downstream Inclination of the Ensemble

Planar Deformation

4

Tie rod

Undersizing of the tie rod (section)

Inadequate spacing of tie rods

Undersizing of the crossbeams

Undersizing of the crown beam

Failure of the tie rod leading to structural instability

5

Strut

Same failure modes as for the tie rod

Failure of the struts leading to instability of the structure

6

Anchor block

Undersizing of the anchor element

Slippage of the tie rod leading to structural instability