English learning and parental involvement

Group

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%/M

1. Gender _____1) Male 2) female

Urban

51.1

48.9

Rural

52.9

47.1

All

52.1

47.9

2. Grade____1) 1st 2) 2nd 3) 3rd 4) 4th 5) 5th 6) 6th

Urban

0

18.2

16.0

16.9

28.0

20.9

Rural

15.5

16.0

15.6

18.6

17.3

17.3

All

8.8

16.9

15.8

17.9

21.8

18.8

group

1%

2%

3%

4%

M

sig

3. Attending extra English programs out of school (such as cram schools) 1) never 2) less than one year 3) one-two years 4) more than two years

Urban

21.0

16.5

25.9

36.6

2.21

.344

Rural

21.1

16.7

15.3

46.9

2.11

All

21.0

16.6

19.9

42.5

2.16

4. Family’s guiding English homework 1) always 2) sometimes 3) never

Urban

43.9

40.3

15.8

2.71

.000

Rural

48.9

51.1

0

3.62

All

46.5

45.6

7.9

3.23

5. Parents’ social class 1) upper middle class 2) lower middle class 3) working class 4) lower class

Urban

29.7

24.2

37.0

8.7

2.75

.000

Rural

21.8

32.0

4.8

41.5

2.34

All

25.1

28.8

18.5

27.6

2.51