Index

Name

Definition

Measurement

Literatures

ATC

Average times of citing

Average times of citing of all patents

Verhoeven et al., 2016

Van Zeebroeck, 2011

SL

Scientific linkage

Average times of citing scientific literature of all patents

Zhang, P. & Lei, J.S., 2015

Chen, A., et al 2012

Wu & Mathews, 2012

Schoenmakers et al., 2010

TL

Technological linkage

Average times of citing patents of all patents

IE

Interaction effect

The product of scientific linkage and technological linkage

Mladenka et al., 2015

He & Wong, 2004

UIC

University-industry cooperation

The proportion of the patents via university-industry cooperation

Zhu, G.L., et al, 2015

Fan, X., et al, 2011

RD

R & D intensity

The proportion of R & D investment expenses for the year

Kim et al., 2016

Hambrick et al., 1983

GC

Geographical cluster

The area the enterprise located, 0 is for the inland and the 1 is for coastal

Dedrick & Kraemer, 2015

Giuliani, 2005

AGE

Age of enterprise

Logarithm of the result of 2015 subtracts the year of enterprise establish

He & Wong, 2004