CG (n = 86) (%)

IG (n = 72) (%)

p

Mother

Father

Mother

Father

Mother

Father

Age (years)

32.1 ± 4.47

34.6 ± 5.74

31.9 ± 4.08

33.5 ± 4.73

0.80^a

0.21^a

Married age (years)

30.1 ± 4.41

29.9 ± 4.20

0.78^a

Family structure

Spouses alone

83 (96.5)

69 (95.7)

1.00^b

Three-generation household

3 (3.5)

3 (4.3)

Occupation

Working

55 (63.9)

85 (98.8)

46 (63.9)

71 (98.6)

0.23^c

0.19^c

Not working

31 (36.1)

1 (1.2)

26 (36.1)

1 (1.4)

Infant birth weight (g)

3085.9 ± 317.1

3052.3 ± 331.8

0.52^a

Abnormal pregnancy

21 (24.4)

14 (19.4)

0.14^b

Treatment at delivery

37 (43.0)

25 (34.7)

0.29^b

Cesarean section

12 (14.0)

15 (20.8)

0.25^b

Abnormal postpartum

7 (8.1)

6 (8.3)

0.97^b

NICU hospitalization

4 (4.7)

1 (1.4)

0.13^c

Satogaeri childbirth

57 (66.3)

49 (68.1)

0.35^b

Had help

23 (26.7)

17 (23.6)

Neither

6 (7.0)

6 (8.3)

Breastfeeding only

33 (38.4)

30 (41.7)

0.21^c

Breastfeeding and formula

53 (61.6)

40 (55.5)

Formula only

0 (00.0)

2 (2.8)