Absolute

Relative

-Hemodynamically significant heart disease

-Anemia

-Restrictive lung disease

-Unevaluated maternal cardiac arryhthmia

-Incompetent cervix or cerclage

-Chronic bronchitis

-Multiple gestation at risk of premature labor

-Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes

-Persistent second- or third-trimester bleeding

-Extreme morbid obesity

-Placenta previa after 26 weeks of gestation

-Extreme underweight

-Premature labor during the current pregnancy

-History of extremely sedentary lifestyle

-Rupture of membranes

-Intrauterine growth restriction in the current pregnancy

-Preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension

-Poorly controlled hypertension

-Severe anemia

-Orthopedic limitations

-Poorly controlled seizure disorder

-Poorly controlled hyperthyroidism

-Heavy smoking