Variable

Variable class

Chocolate spot

Incidence

Severity (PSI)

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Kas

Beteyohanes

93

11.951

58

15.408

Zhazh

83

12.537

38.3

10.92

Aduka

60.8

11.195

27.8

8.6178

Agate

89.4

11.603

54.3

10.454

Efrata

23.5

21.490

5.48

7.3878

Dajat

96.5

7.0677

53.7

8.0446

Altitude

<2500

42.2

25.374

16.6

13.862

≥2500 - ≤2700

84.6

12.255

45.1

13.986

>2700

94.8

9.3611

55.5

11.45

Soil type

Brown

76.1

29.336

42

22.2

Red

68.9

30.417

33.7

19.524

Black

82.1

22.168

46.3

20.568

Field history

Wheat

86.5

16.169

46.7

14.645

Potato

87.4

12.867

56.1

13.856

Barley

64.6

24.115

25.6

18.1

Teff

53.5

38.157

26.6

23.9

Fertilization

NPS

73.739

28.816

39.7

20.92

Non-fertilized

75.13

29.2

39.4

21.96

Growth stage

Flowering

56.6

30.3

26.2

18.9

Pre-podding

77

24.2

38

16.03

Podding

98

5.71

62.4

9.43

Planting density

≥40/m²

79.5

22.67

43

19.4

<40/m²

70.4

32.41

37.1

22.4

Planting method

Broad casting

74.94

29.8

39.8

22.05

Row planting

74.9

20.4

38.1

14.3

Fungicide usage

Sprayed

81.8

11.45

36

6.5

Unsprayed

72.7

31.2

40.3

23.3

Day of planting

Late May-mid-June

92

13.3

54.2

13.6

Mid-June-Early July

58

29.7

26

17.6