Elston 2019 [22]

Was the study question or objective clearly stated?

No

Were eligibility/selection criteria for the study population prespecified and clearly described?

Possible

Stated the age and source of referrals but could have elaborated on “long-term conditions” and how “considered as likely to benefit from a social intervention” was determined in the study. The exclusion criteria, if any, were not reported.

Were the participants in the study representative of those who would be eligible for the test/service/intervention in the general or clinical population of interest?

No

Were all eligible participants that met the prespecified entry criteria enrolled?

Not reported

Was the sample size sufficiently large to provide confidence in the findings?

Yes

The paper reports how they calculated the study size and how many participants they intended to recruit to the study. However, only 86 participants had all the data present, whereas the study size calculated 170 participants were required to have statistical power.

Was the test/service/intervention clearly described and delivered consistently across the study population?

Low/no

Were the outcome measures prespecified, clearly defined, valid, reliable, and assessed consistently across all study participants?

Possible

The study used validated measures but there could have been more description of what each measure aimed to investigate and what the scoring indicates.

Were the people assessing the outcomes blinded to the participants’ exposures/interventions?

No

The study states that researchers were blind to the participants.

Was the loss to follow-up after baseline 20% or less? Were those lost to follow-up accounted for in the analysis?

Yes

32% were lost to follow-up.

Did the statistical methods examine changes in outcome measures from before to after the intervention? Were statistical tests done that provided p values for the pre-to-post changes?

No

Were outcome measures of interest taken multiple times before the intervention and multiple times after the intervention (i.e., did they use an interrupted time-series design)?

Yes

Outcome measures were only taken once at pre and post intervention.