Origins of waste | Causes of waste |
Contractual | ● Errors in contract documents ● Contract documents incomplete at commencement of construction |
Design | ● Design changes ● Design and construction detail errors ● Unclear/unsuitable specification ● Poor coordination and communication (late information, last minute client requirements, slow drawing revision and distribution) |
Procurement | ● Ordering errors (i.e., ordering items not in compliance with specification) ● Over allowances (i.e., difficulties to order small quantities) ● Supplier errors |
Transportation | ● Damage during transportation ● Insufficient protection during unloading ● Inefficient methods of unloading |
On-site management and planning | ● Lack of on-site waste management plans ● Improper planning for required quantities ● Lack of on-site material control ● Lack of supervision |
Material storage | ● Inappropriate site storage space leading to damage or deterioration ● Improper storing methods ● Materials stored far away from point of application |
Material handling | ● Materials supplied in loose form ● On-site transportation methods from storage to the point of application ● Inadequate material handling |
Site operation | ● Accidents due to negligence ● Equipment malfunction ● Poor craftsmanship ● Time pressure |
Residual | ● Waste from application processes (i.e., over-preparation of mortar) ● Packaging |
Other | ● Weather ● Vandalism |