FACTORS

1

2

3

4

5

W

RII

rank

PHYSICAL

0.586

4

nature of land

25

58

42

46

11

506

0.556

location of land

14

53

29

76

10

561

0.616

POLITICAL

0.644

2

lack of political will to enforce building regulations

6

33

80

53

10

572

0.629

inadequate policy on housing

9

36

57

52

28

600

0.659

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

0.740

1

high rent

2

10

22

111

37

717

0.788

ignorance on planning and building regulations

0

4

9

109

60

771

0.847

high cost in getting land document and building permits

0

12

36

87

47

715

0.786

unwillingness to accept laid down regulation

2

38

57

49

36

625

0.687

population growth

5

34

56

59

28

617

0.678

high cost of land

6

36

54

55

31

615

0.676

family ties

6

21

49

75

31

650

0.714

INSTITUTIONAL

0.636

3

logistic and capacity gap

22

69

38

52

1

487

0.535

multiple sale of land

19

50

70

35

8

509

0.559

litigant land market

35

19

13

95

20

592

0.651

Corruption

24

16

31

94

17

610

0.670

high enforcement cost

24

25

55

53

25

576

0.633

lack of public private partnership in controlling unauthorized buildings

7

43

50

58

24

595

0.654

non punitive sanctions against offenders

4

30

43

96

9

622

0.684

overlapping institutional roles and responsibilities

19

44

65

52

2

520

0.571

Bureaucracy

15

24

51

72

20

604

0.664

unrealistic zoning

6

17

45

74

40

671

0.737