Extract | Main source | Known pharmacological efficacy | References |
Baicalein | Radix Scutellariae | UV adsorption, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [80] [81] [45] |
Boswellic acids | Boswellia sacra (frankincense, ruxiang) gum resin | Anti-inflammatory | [82] [83] |
Kaempferol | Common fruits such as apples, grapes | Antioxidant, suppress carcinogenesis | [84] |
Morin | Members of the Moraceae family | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial | [85] [86] |
Myricetin | Berries, fruits, vegetables | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [87] [88] [89] |
Naringenin | Grapefruit, bergamot, sour orange | Antioxidant, apoptotic inhibition | [90] [91] |
Nobiletin | Citrus | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [92] |
Paeoniflorin | Paeonia (moutan) | Anti-inflammatory | [93] [94] |
Pycnogenol | French maritime pine bark | Antioxidant, anti-wrinkle | [95] [96] |
Quercetin | Common fruits and food such as apples, grapes | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [97] [98] |
Rutin | Buckwheat, asparagus | UV adsorption, antioxidant | [99] [100] [45] |
Salidroside | Rhodiola rosea root | Antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, anti-carcinogenesis | [101] [102] |
Wogonin | Radix Scutellariae | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [103] [104] |